如：
Endogenous Technological Change
Paul M. Romer（University of Chicago）
The Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 98, No. 5, Part 2: The Problem of Development: A
Conference of the Institute for the Study of Free Enterprise Systems. (Oct., 1990), pp. S71-S102.
Growth in this model is driven by technological change that arises
from intentional investment decisions made by profit-maximizing
agents. The distinguishing feature of the technology as an input is
that it is neither a conventional good nor a public good; it is a nonrival,
partially excludable good. Because of the nonconvexity introduced
by a nonrival good, price-taking competition cannot be
supported. Instead, the equilibrium is one with monopolistic competition.
The main conclusions are that the stock of human capital
determines the rate of growth, that too little human capital is devoted
to research in equilibrium, that integration into world markets
will increase growth rates, and that having a large population is not
sufficient to generate growth.
